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'e' It was the day in the South of River Huai; when Yuan Shu spread a banquet for the child prodigies of the region。 Lu Ji was among the invited。 During the party; Lu Ji stole an orange for his mother。 Due to this act; his name was written in the 〃List of Filial Children〃。
Zhuge Liang laughed and replied; 〃Are you not that Lu Ji who pocketed the orange when you were sitting among Yuan Shus guests*? Listen to me: I have a word to say to you。 Inasmuch as Cao Cao is a descendant of a minister of state; he is by heredity a servant of the Hans。 But now he has monopolized all state authority and knows only his own arbitrary will; heaping every indignity upon his lord。 Not only does he forget his prince; but he ignores his ancestors; not only is he a rebellious servant of Han; but the renegade of his family。 Liu Bei of Yuzhou is a noble scion of the imperial family upon whom the Emperor has conferred rank; as is recorded in the annals。 How then can you say there is no evidence of his imperial origin? Beside; the very founder of the dynasty was himself of lowly origin; and yet he became emperor。 Where is the shame in weaving mats and selling shoes? Your mean; immature views are unfit to be mentioned in the presence of scholars of standing。〃
This put a stop to Lu Jis flow of eloquence。
But another of those present said; 〃Zhuge Liangs words are overbearing; and he distorts reason。 It is not proper argument; and he had better say no more。 But I would ask him what classical canon he studied。〃
'e' Yi Yin was the founding minister of Shang Dynasty; Lu Wang; of Zhou Dynasty; Zhang Liang and Chen Ping; of Han Dynasty。
Zhuge Liang looked at his interlocutor; who was Yan Jun; and said; 〃The dryasdusts of every age select passages and choose phrases。 What else are they good for? Do they ever initiate a policy or manage an affair? Yi Yin; who was a farmer in the state of Shen; and Lu Wang; the fisherman of the River Wei; Zhang Liang and Chen Ping; Zheng Yu and Geng Yan*………all were men of transcendent ability; but I have never inquired what classical canon they followed or on whose essays they formed their style。 Would you liken them to your rusty students of books; whose journeyings are prised between their brush and their inkstone; who spend their days in literary futilities; wasting both time and ink?〃
No reply was forthing。 Yan Jun hung his head with shame。
But another disputant; Cheng Deshu by name; suddenly shouted; 〃You are mightily fond of big words; Sir; but they do not give any proof of your scholarship after all。 I am inclined to think that a real scholar would just laugh at you。〃
Zhuge Liang replied; 〃There is the noble scholar; loyal and patriotic; of perfect rectitude and a hater of any crookedness。 The concern of such a scholar is to act in full sympathy with his day and leave to future ages a fine reputation。 There is the scholar of the mean type; a pedant and nothing more。 He labors constantly with his pen; in his callow youth posing odes and in hoary age still striving to understand the classical books pletely。 Thousands of words flow from his pen; but there is not a solid idea in his breast。 He may; as did Yang Xiong; glorify the age with his writings and yet stoop to serve a tyrant such as Wang Mang。 No wonder Yang Xiong threw himself out of a window; he had to。 That is the way of the scholar of mean type。 Though he poses odes by the hundred; what is the use of him?〃
Cheng Deshu could make no reply。 The other officers now began to hold this man of torrential speech in wholesome fear。
Only two of them; Zhang Wen and Luo Tong; had failed to challenge him; but when they would have tried to pose Zhuge Liang; suddenly someone appeared from without and angrily shouted; 〃This is not paying fit respect to a guest。 You have among you the most wonderful man of the day; and you all sit there trying to entangle him in speech while our archenemy Cao Cao is nearing our borders。 Instead of discussing how to oppose Cao Cao; you are all wrangling and disputing。〃
All eyes turned toward the speaker。 It was Huang Gai of Lingling; who was the Chief of the missariat of the South Land。
He turned to address Zhuge Liang; saying; 〃There is a saying that though something may be gained by talk; there is more to be got by silence。 Why not give my lord the advantage of your valuable advice instead of wasting time in discussion with this crowd?〃
〃They did not understand;〃 replied Zhuge Liang; 〃and it was necessary to enlighten them; so I had to speak。〃
As Huang Gai and Lu Su led the guest toward their masters apartments; they met his brother Zhuge Jin。 Zhuge Liang saluted him with the deference due to an elder brother。
Zhuge Jin said; 〃Why have you not been to see me; brother?〃
〃I am now in the service of Liu Bei of Yuzhou; and it is right that public affairs precede private obligations。 I cannot attend to any private matters till my work is done。 You must pardon me; brother。〃
〃After you have seen Marquis Sun Quan; you will e and tell me your news;〃 said he as he left。
As they went along to the audience chamber; Lu Su again cautioned Zhuge Liang against any rash speech; saying; 〃Do not tell the magnitude of Cao Caos forces。 Please remember。〃
The latter nodded but made no other reply。 When they reached the hall; Sun Quan came down the steps to wele his guests and was extraordinarily gracious。 After the mutual salutations; the guest was given a chair while the Marquis officials were drawn up in two lines; on one side the civil; on the other the military。 Lu Su stood beside Zhuge Liang and listened to his introductory speech。
As Zhuge Liang spoke of Liu Beis intentions; he glanced up at his host。 He noted the green eyes and purple beard and the dignified manding air of the man and thought within himself; 〃Certainly in appearance this is no mon man。 He is
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