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l　not　work　for　them　at　a　low　rate　of　wage。　For　example；　they　cannot　understand　why　these　blacks　should　object　to　spend　weeks　and　months　hundreds　of　feet　underground；　employed　in　the　digging　of　ore；　and；　in　their　hearts；　often　enough　would　like　to　pel　them　by　force　to　do　their　will。　Yet　surely　the　Kaffir　whose　land　we　have　taken　has　a　right　to　follow　his　own　opinions　and　convenience　on　this　subject。

Also　many　white　men　have；　or　used　to　have；　a　habit　of　personally　assaulting　natives；　frequently　upon　quite　insufficient　grounds。　They　say　or　said　that　these　would　do　nothing　unless　they　were　beaten。　I　do　not　believe　it。　Where　Zulus　are　concerned　at　least；　a　great　deal　depends　upon　the　person　in　authority　over　them。　No　race　is　quicker　at　discovering　any　alloy　of　base　metal　in　a　man’s　nature。　Many　who　are　called　“gentlemen”　among　us　on　account　of　their　wealth　or　station；　will　not　pass　as　such　with　them。　By　a　kind　of　instinct　they　know　the　true　article　when　they　see　it；　whatever　may　be　the　position　in　life　held　by　the　individual　in　question。　True　gentility；　as　I　have　seen　again　and　again；　is　not　the　prerogative　of　a　class　but　a　gift　innate　in　certain　members　of　all　classes；　and　by　no　means　a　mon　gift。　With　it　rank；　station；　wealth　have　nothing　to　do；　it　either　is　or　is　not　born　in　a　man；　and　still　more　so　in　a　woman。　To　the　Zulu　the　rest　are　what　he　calls　unfagozana；　that　is；　low　fellows。　These；　by　misfortune；　are　almost　always　in　the　majority。　Like　others；　savages　have　their　gentlefolk　and　their　mon　people；　but　with　all　their　faults　even　those　mon　people　are　not　vulgar　in　our　sense　of　the　word。　In　essential　matters　they　still　preserve　a　certain　dignity。　Of　course；　however；　I　talk　of　those　savages　whom　I　know。　There　may　be　others　among　whom　things　are　different。　Also；　in　this　respect　as　in　others；　matters　in　Africa　may　have　changed　since　my　day。　I　talk　of　a　bygone　generation。

One　last　word　about　Colenso。　His　native　name　of　“Usobantu”　shows　the　estimate　that　the　Kaffirs　formed　of　him。　It　means　“Father　of　the　People。”

Among　other　remarkable　Natalians　of　that　day　were　the　old　Chief　Justice　（was　not　his　name　O’Connor？）　and　Mr。　John　Bird；　the　Treasurer　of　the　Colony　and　the　piler　of　a　valuable　work　called　“The　Annals　of　Natal”　which　in　after　years　I　had　the　pleasure　of　reviewing　in　the　Saturday　Review。　The　Chief　Justice　has　always　remained　in　my　mind　because　of　his　curious　power　of　self…control。　I　remember　that　when　the　mail　came　in；　which　at　that　time　I　believe　was　only　once　a　month；　he　used　to　undo　the　many　Times　newspapers　that　it　brought　to　him　and　arrange　them　in　a　pile。　Then；　beginning　with　the　oldest　in　date；　on　each　day　he　would　read　his　Times；　nor；　however　exciting　might　be　the　news；　would　he　suffer　himself　to　anticipate　its　daily　development。　He　never　looked　at　the　end　of　the　story。　Thus　did　he　delude　himself　into　the　belief　that　he　was　still　in　England　and　receiving　his　morning　paper　wet　from　the　press。　The　drawback　to　the　system　was　that　he　was　always　a　month　behind　the　Natal　world　and　two　behind　that　of　Europe。

Mr。　John　Bird；　a　dear　old　gentleman；　had　the　most　marvellous　memory　of　any　man　I　have　ever　known。　He　told　me　that　if　he　once　read　anything　he　liked　he　remembered　it；　if　he　read　it　twice　he　remembered　it　without　error；　if　he　read　it　thrice　he　never　forgot　it。　In　his　youth　he　had　been　a　surveyor；　and　in　the　course　of　his　long　waggon　journeys　in　the　Cape　he　taught　himself　Greek。　I　have　heard　him　offer　to　bet　anyone　five　pounds　that　he　would　repeat　any　book　in　Homer　that　might　be　selected　without　making　five　mistakes。　Also　I　heard　him　give　a　lecture　on　“The　Pleasures　of　Memory”　which　was　nearly　two　hours　long。　In　the　course　of　this　lecture　he　made　dozens　of　quotations　from　all　sorts　of　authors　and　never　used　a　single　note。

The　only　instance　that　I　can　recollect　of　parallel　powers　was　that　of　a　gentleman　who　could　repeat　all　my　romance；　“She；”　without　a　mistake。　I　believe　he　was　a　South　African；　and　I　imagine　he　must　have　been　a　relative　of　Mr。　Bird。

But　the　most　interesting　man　of　all　with　whom　I　came　in　contact　in　Natal　was　one　who　afterwards　became　my　beloved　chief　and　friend；　for；　notwithstanding　the　wide　difference　of　our　years；　that　relationship　existed　between　us。　I　refer　to　Sir　Theophilus　Shepstone；　or　“Sompseu”　as　he　was　called　by　the　natives　throughout　South　Africa。

Sir　Theophilus　was　born　in　England　in　1817；　and　emigrated　to　the　Cape　with　his　father；　a　clergyman；　when　he　was　but　three　years　old。　In　his　early　youth　he　learned　many　Kaffir　dialects　at　the　mission　stations。　After　filling　various　appointments　he　became　Secretary　for　Native　Affairs　in　Natal　in　1856；　a　position　which　he　held　for　twenty　years。　His　policy　was　to　maintain　the　tribal　system　of　the　natives　under　the　supremacy　of　the　British　Crown；　and　to　civilise　them　by　degrees。　Often　he　has　told　me　that　he　believed　that　the　Zulus　should　be　taught　to　work　and　that　their　minds　should　be　opened　before　attempts　were　made　to　Christianise　them。　I　should　add　that　his　policy；　although　much　criticised；　was　singularly　successful。　This　is　proved　by　the　fact　that；　notwithstanding　the　enormous　number　of　savages　who　poured　from　Zululand　into　Natal；　with　the　single　exception　of　the　petty　rising　of　the　chief　Langalibalele　（“the　Bright　Shining　Sun”）；　which　happened　a　year　or　two　before　I　went　to　the　Colony；　there　was　no　rebellion　or　native　war　during　all　the　time　of　his　management　of　affairs。　Personally　he　was　known　and　almost　worshipped　by　every　Kaffir　in　the　land。

“I　love　that　boy；”　I　once　heard　him　say　to　one　of　my　elder　colleagues　as　I　passed　by　him；　he　thought　out　of　earshot；　and　I　have　never　forgotten　the　words　or　the　tone　in　which　they　were　uttered。　Well；　the　affection　was　reciprocated；　and　will　be　while　I　have　memory。

He　was　a　curious；　silent　man；　any　of　the　characteristics　of　the　natives　among　whom　he　lived。　Often　it　was　impossible　to　guess　from　his　somewhat　impassive　face　what　was　passing　in　his　brain。　He　had　the　power　of　silence；　but　he　observed　everything　and　forgot　little。　To　me；　however；　when　the　mood　was　on　him；　he　would　talk　a　great　deal　—　the　stories　I　have　heard　from　him　would　fill　half　a　volume　—　and　sometimes　even　unfold　to　me　the　secret　springs　of　his　actions。　I　only　once　remember　his　being　angry　with　me；　for　he　was　very　tender　to　my　faults；　and　that　was；　I　think；　just　before　the　issue　of　the　Proclamation　annexing　the　Transvaal。　I　had　ventured　to　suggest　to　him　that　it　would　be　wiser　to　leave　the　country　unannexed　and　retire　to　Natal。

“Then；”　I　said；　“the　Zulus　and　the　Boers　will　destroy　each　other；　and　the　Transvaal　will　fall　like　a　ripe　apple　into　the　lap　of　Great　Britain。”

He　asked　me　angrily　if　I　understood　what　I　was　saying；　and　that　such　a　policy　would　mean　the　destruction　of　thousands　of　white　men；　women　and　children　by　Zulu　assegais；　to　be　followed　by　a　great　war　between　white　and　black。

I　collapsed；　but　often　and　often　since　that　day　have　I　reflected　that　my　advice；　tainted　though　it　may　have　been　with　the　callousness　of　youth；　was　absolutely　sound。　For　what　happened？　First　we　had　to　fight　the　Zulus　and　slaughter　them　by　thousands；　paying　no　small　toll　ourselves；　and　then　we　had　to　fight　the　Boers；　not　once；　but　twice。　If　we　had　allowed　them　to　exhaust　themselves　upon　each　other　the　total　loss　of　life　would　have　been　no　greater；　if　so　great；　and　the　settlement　of　South　Africa　would　have　been　effected　without　the　shedding　of　British　blood；　moreover；　in　the　end　the　Boers　would　have　implored　our　assistance　and　gladly　have　accepted　our　rule。　But　I　anticipate；　of　these　matters　I　must　speak　later。

With　the　Zulus　themselves；　as　distinguished　from　the　Natal　Kaffirs；　Shepstone　had　much　to　do。　Thus　in　1861；　while　King　Panda　still　reigned；　and　after　the　great　civil　war　between　Cetewayo　and　his　brother　Umbelazi；　in　which　the　latter　was　killed　or　died　at　the　battle　of　the　Tugela；　he　was　sent　by　the　Government　to　proclaim　Cetewayo　heir　to　the　throne。　For　some　unknown　reason；　Cetewayo　did　not　wish　to　be　thus　recognised　by　the　white　men。　Indeed　a　preliminary　difficulty　arose。　The　Zulu　lawyers　and　headmen　declared　that　it　was　impossible　that　their　future　king　should　be　nominated　by　Sompseu。　It　was　overe　in　the　following　extraordinary　fashion。　At　a　great　meeting　of　the　indunas　or　councillors　and　chiefs　it　was　announced　that　Sompseu　was　a　Zulu　king；　that　he　stood　in　the　place　of　Chaka；　the　African　Napoleon　and　Panda’s　uncle；　and　that　the　spirit　of　Chaka　had　entered　into　him　—　not　a　very　fortable　possession　for　a　highly　respectable　English　gentleman。　From　that　day　forward；　quite　independent　of　his　authority　as　a　representative　of　the　Queen；　Shepstone　had　personal　sovereign　rights　in　Zululand。　Thus　he　could　have　ordered　anyone　to　be　killed　or　have　declared　war　or　peace。　It　was；　I　firmly　believe；　because　of　this　personal　authority　that　he　was　able　to　prevent　the　Zulus　from　attacking　the　Boers　in　1877；　as　I　shall　show　that　he　did。

But　of　all　these　and　many　other　events　I　have　told　in　my　book；　“Cetewayo　and　his　White　Neighbours；”　which　was　first　published　in　1882；　and　to　that　book　I　must　refer　the　reader　who　is　interested　in　them。　In　these　pages　I　do　not　propose　to　write　a　history　of　South　Africa　during　the　eventful　years　in　which　I　knew　it；　but　rather　to　treat　of　my　personal　experiences　at　the　time；　which　perhaps　may　throw　some　new　light　upon　parts　of　that　history。

The　remainder　of　my　life　in　Natal；　that　is　as　secretary　to　the　Governor　—　for　I　returned　to　that　country　afterwards　in　another　capacity　—　can　be　summed　up　in　few　words。　I　copied　despatches；　received　guests；　and　did　my　other　duties；　probably　not　as　well　as　I　might　have　done。　But　in　connection　with　these　I　cannot　think　of　much　that　is　worth　setting　down。

Perhaps　I　may　add　a　curious　little　story。　Captain　Cox；　my　colleague　on　Sir　Henry　Bulwer’s　staff；　who　was　an　officer　in　one　of　the　regiments　in　Natal　—　I　think　he　belonged　to　the　ill…fated　24th　—　received　a　blow　while　playing　polo　which　severed　what　I　believe　is　called　the　external　carotid　artery；　a　vessel　which　runs　up　by　the　side　of　the　temple。　A　serious　operation　was　performed　on　him　by　the　doctors　which　necessitated　his　being　kept　under　chloroform　for　five　hours；　but　great　difficulty　was　experienced　in　tying　this　artery。　He　seemed　to　get　better；　and　at　last　was　allowed　to　eat　a　snipe　which　I　went　out　and　shot　for　him。　That　evening　some　circumstance　or　other　made　me　uneasy　about　him；　and　of　my　own　motion　I　passed　the　night　sitting　up　in　the　office；　going　in　to　look　at　him　from　time　to　time。　He　slept　well；　and　when　the　dawn　came　I　thought　that　I　would　retire　to　bed。　By　an　afterthought　I　returned　to　give　him　another　look；　and　found　him　still　lying　asleep；　but　with　the　blood　spurting　from　his　head　in　a　little　fountain。　I　pressed　my　thumb　on　the　artery　and　held　it　there　until　assistance　came。　Another　operation　was　performed；　and　ultimately　he　recovered；　though　one　of　his　eyes　was　affected。

Captain　Cox　was　subsequently　wounded　at　Ulundi；　and　in　the　end　died；　I　think；　in　India　when　he　was　Colonel　of　his　regiment。

Chapter　4　THE　SPECIAL　MISSION　TO　THE　TRANSVAAL

Shepstone　appointed　Special　missioner　to　Transvaal　—　Wide　powers　—　H。　R。　H。　on　Shepstone’s　staff　—　Umslopogaas　attached　to　mission　—　To　Pretoria　by　ox…waggon　—　Thirty…