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第2部分（第1页）

§　87　It　is　not　of　the　nature　of　the　all…pervading　Spirit　to　die　this　merely　natural　death。

§　88　The　highest　point　in　the　development　of　a　people　is　this：　to　have　reduced　its　laws；　its　ideas　of

justice　and　morality　to　a　science。

§　89　We　have　then　before　us　a　real　and　an　ideal　existence　of　the　Spirit　of　the　Nation。

§　90　We　are　sure　to　see　a　people　putting　talk　about　virtue　partly　side　by　side　with　actual　virtue。

§　91　At　the　same　time　the　isolation　of　individuals　from　each　other　and　from　the　Whole　makes　its

appearance。

§　92　Zeus　and　his　race　are　themselves　swallowed　up　by　the　very　power　that　produced　them　—

the　principle　of　thought。

§　93　Time　is　the　negative　element　in　the　sensuous　world。　Thought　is　the　same　negativity。

§　94　Thought　is　that　Universal　…　that　Species　which　is　immortal。

§　95　Spirit；　in　rendering　itself　objective　and　making　this　an　object　of　thought；　destroys　the

determinate　form　of　its　being；　but　gains　a　prehension　of　its　universal　element。

§　96　The　individual　traverses　as　a　unity　various　grades　of　development；　and　remains　the　same

individual；　in　like　manner　also　does　a　people。

§　97　The　life　of　a　people　ripens　a　certain　fruit。　But　this　fruit　does　not　fall　back　into　the　bosom　of

the　people　that　produced　it；　but　bees　a　poison…draught　to　it。

§　98　The　principles　of　the　successive　phases　of　Spirit　that　animate　Nations；　are　only　steps　of　the

one　universal　Spirit。

§　99　Philosophy；　as　occupying　itself　with　the　True；　has　only　to　do　with　the　eternally　present。。

Introduction

The　subject　of　this　course　of　Lectures　is　the　Philosophical　History　of　the　World。　And　by　this　must

be　understood；　not　a　collection　of　general　observations　respecting　it；　suggested　by　the　study　of　its

records；　and　proposed　to　be　illustrated　by　its　facts；　but　Universal　History　itself。

I　cannot　mention　any　work　that　will　serve　as　a　pendium　of　the　course；　but　I　may　remark　that　in

my　The　Philosophy　of　Right　§§。　341…360；　I　have　already　given　a　definition　of　such　a　Universal

History　as　it　is　proposed　to　develop；　and　a　syllabus　of　the　chief　elements　or　periods　into　which　it

naturally　divides　itself。

To　gain　a　clear　idea　at　the　outset；　of　the　nature　of　our　task；　it　seems　necessary　to　begin　with　an

examination　of　the　other　methods　of　treating　History。　The　various　methods　may　be　ranged　under

three　heads：

I。　　　Original　History

II。　　Reflective　History

III。　Philosophical　History